Hantavirus

Ailment is basic all through the world and can spread at a quick rate. It is spread frequently by creatures other than people and is regularly spread through individual to individual or creature to individual contact. The little deer mouse can contaminate a human with a malady named the Hantavirus from the family Bunyaviridae. Hantavirus is a fatal sickness that has stunning causes, risky impacts and furthermore has avoidances and medicines. The reasons for Hantavirus are stunning. Hantavirus begins when a polluted deer mouse’s droppings or home are breathed in. The ailment is additionally not infectious on the grounds that it is just spread by the deer mouse. When the illness is breathed in it goes directly to the lungs or kidneys and taints them. An individual that agreements this illness won't realize that they are contaminated until the impacts of the ailment are nearly in its most exceedingly terrible stages. Subsequently, quick clinical consideration should be given to the tainted individual. Hantavirus is brought about by the deer mouse which at that point leads into some destructive impacts. The illness enters the body and focuses on the respiratory or urinary frameworks. The sickness goes into the lungs or kidneys which are imperative organs in anyone’s body. As a reality, half of all patients rewarded with Hantavirus in the U. S have endure the illness. Different impacts incorporate kidney disappointment, lung disappointment, and fast shallow relaxing. The impacts of Hantavirus are executioner however there are counteractions and medicines for it. Right now, there is no remedy for the lungs however the kidneys are simpler to treat. The specialists will attempt to utilize oxygen treatment for the lungs to help the patients relaxing. Any individual can forestall the Hantavirus by setting mouse traps or by essentially calling an exterminator for a check of your home. In end Hantavirus has stunning causes, impacts that may prompt passing and has avoidances and medicines. Hantavirus is a dangerous illness brought about by a little deer mouse. This treatable sickness has additionally been the reason for certain passings around America. The ailment was first found in the United States in a town called Four Corners Arizona in 1993. Hantavirus might be a piece of the motivation behind why numerous individuals have a fear of mice.

Is Empowerment a Valuable Tool for Increasing Efficiency and Essay - 4

Is Empowerment a Valuable Tool for Increasing Efficiency and Effectiveness in Today's Organizations - Essay Example The paper tells that the reason for strengthening is to get representatives to assume liability for delivering results as opposed to simply â€Å"following rules and guidelines without creating unmistakable results†. It incorporates different factors, for example, re-building and re-structuring existing conveyance procedures to make them less mistake inclined, progressively productive, powerful, and opportune. Re-association of the company’s activities to dispense with wastage of assets and staff and substitution of prior strategies for working with data innovation are likewise changes that engage the workforce. Supplanting of old undertakings with high innovation hardware or new methodologies would require staff preparing for new duties. Any uneasiness with respect to laborers ought to be tended to by HR staff to assist representatives with expanding their ranges of abilities, and when any occupations become old the workers ought to be assisted with securing practicall y identical positions inside the association. Representative strengthening has become an inexorably well known idea in associations as a result of developing worldwide rivalry and fast innovative change. These require escalated hierarchical changes in representative administration, for expanding authoritative upper hand in the extending market. Worker strengthening is a noteworthy change activity since it is basic to authoritative development and adequacy. The key component in strengthening is that it builds the degree of inspiration of an individual worker at the most minimal conceivable authoritative level when he is designated with power to decide. There are two particular meanings of strengthening. As a social develop, strengthening alludes to one’s force and command over different workers, and to the transference of such force from the board to a representative with less dynamic position.

Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra Essay Example

Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra Essay Example Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra Essay Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra Essay Shakespeare presents the quality of Cleopatras assurance in act 3, scene 7, as Enobarbus endeavors to discourage her from joining Antony in the front line. Regardless of being informed that in Rome, Antony, as of now condemned for his paltriness, is ridiculed for giving over his order to ladies and an eunuch, she hyperbolically excuses his assessment by saying Sink Rome, and their tongues decay that denounce us. This scene likewise contains the main occurrence of Cleopatra lacking sexual mindfulness, not perceiving the code word gave by Enobarbus that to have steeds and horses serving together in war welcomes debacle, as the steeds may be keen on having sexual intercourse (despite the fact that the stun inserted in her reaction what ist you state could be spoken with mockery in execution). This showcase of assurance on Cleopatras part permits Shakespeare to stress the degree of accuse set for the Queen by both Enobarbus and Scarus for the primary annihilation at Actium, which we are told about in scene 10. Enobarbus anguished words thantoniad, the Egyptian chief of naval operations, with all their sixty, fly and turn the rudder promptly accuse the sweethearts. Scarus affirms the destruction, and his picture we have kissed away realms and areas quickly lays the fault solidly on the common fixation of Antony and Cleopatra. He concentrates more on Cleopatra, marking her ribaudred bother of Egypt and later comparing her trip to that of a rankled dairy animals stung by a gadfly (breeze). In any case, in scene 13 when she asks whose flaw it is, Enobarbus says Antony just, that would make his will ruler of his explanation. Be that as it may, his feeling can't help contradicting the numerous models we see all through the play of Shakespeare introducing Cleopatra as the prevailing power in their relationship, in this manner ostensibly additionally the one to fault for his defeat, since she is the person who calls the shots. For sure, in the initial scene Antony is alluded to by Philo as a whores fool, a term which bears undertones of an absence of control on Antonys part. Shakespeare appears to be again to need to show the Queens predominance from the get-go, as in act 1, scene 2, Enobarbus jokes, quiet, here comes Antony, deriding Antonys absence of intensity inside the relationship. As a disaster, one of the significant inquiries Shakespeare pose of the crowd is whether Antony is to be faulted for his defeat, or whether he was essentially a casualty of his lethal blemish. The introduction of Cleopatra as the more predominant power in their relationship is a significant factor in this choice. Cleopatra is perpetually portrayed or talked about by different characters. Enobarbus talks about her boundless assortment. For Antony, she can be a captivating sovereign or foul Egyptian; for Charmian, a girl unmatched; for Caesar, dear sovereign to her face and prostitute despite her good faith. Her activities and words show a comparatively inconsistent territory: valiance and weakness, mercilessness and tenderness. Provoking joke, shrewdness, inclination, pride, guilty pleasure and lowliness are just a small amount of her vast assortment. Toward the finish of the play she accomplishes a sort of spendour in her self destruction as she endeavors to satisfy her everlasting longings: a get-together with Antony, rising above death itself. It might be a fantasy, one more of the vainglorious dreams she develops of herself and Antony, yet it is thrillingly showy, and a significantly fulfilling peak to the rollercoasting enthusiastic ride on which she takes the crowd. There are various methods for deciphering how Shakespeare wished to introduce Cleopatra: the prototype femme fatale, a wily legislator, or a finesse charmer. She utilizes all her significant abilities to hold control of her nation, and when that attempt comes up short, practices her autonomy in picking passing as opposed to humilation. In her dumbfounding conduct, we see the intricate techniques of a lady who needs to thrive in a male, aggressive world. In making Cleopatra, Shakespeare offers the crowd numerous chances to think about such topics as the idea of adoration, the activity of intensity in close to home and political connections, and the contentions that result in such connections. The plays steady development, its common pictures of dissolving and disintegration, discover their appearance in Cleopatras irregular nature, and in her last endeavor to rise above natural bonds and accomplish eternal association with Antony.

Impact Of Brown v Board of Education - Free Essay Example

In the Brown Vs. the board of education case had a big impact on many other similar cases as Mr. Browns and on history itself. This case cased many people to see that the separation between educations was useless and did not help the childrens education. It also did not help the racism going on at the time.  Ã‚   In the 1950s, public places were segregated. There were black school were only colored kids went. Then there were white schools were white children went. Many white schools were offended close to the neighborhoods and communities were children of color stayed. But back then, African Americans were not allowed to go to a white school or even attend any school with the white children.   Many African American children had to walk far distances to get to school. Some walked miles and miles, even all the way across town just to get to school. Many African American parents worried about their childrens safety getting to school. For such young innocent little boys and girls to have walk across rail road switch-yards and miles and miles through town to get to their school. Parents like Linda Brown knew that this wasnt right and needed to change the School board system operated. In Topeka Kansas, a little African American 3rd grade girl had to walk very far to get to her school. Her father knew things should change and went to court with many other black parents about the way the U.S District court was segregated.   Ã‚  Ã‚   This kicked off a change in African American history. This started a dramatic change in the world. This started with Linda and Olivier Brown.  Ã‚   Oliver Leon Brown was born in 1618, in Spring-field Montana. He had a pretty typical childhood as an African American boy. Oliver Brown grew up a fine young man and made a living as a minister at St. Marks A.M.E and a railroad welder in Topeka Kansas. He was the provider for his beautiful wife and three daughters, Darlene, Cheryl, and Linda. Oliver wanted the best education and future possible for his daughters. All his children were enrolled in a school, even his 8 year old daughter Linda. Linda Oliver was going to Monroe elementary, an all-black. To get there, Linda had to take a 5 mile bus drive and travel through an unsafe rail road yard to get to her school, Monroe elementary. Oliver Brown didnt want his little girl to make such dangerous, long, and exhausting journey every morning to school. So, being thats another el ementary school just 7 blocks away, Oliver tried to register Linda in that school, Sumner elementary school, which happens to be an all-white school. But the principal of Sumner elementary refused to let a colored student attend there school. After the principal refused, Oliver went to of the NAACP a.k.a National Association for the advancement of colored people, which was McKinley Burnett and asked for assistance. The NAACP was more the glad to help Mr. Brown. On 1951, 12 other African American parents who were denied there child into a white schools, joined in to help Mr. Brown and the NAACP start an inference in the segregation of schools. Out of all the families now involved in the interference, Mr. Brown was chosen as the lead plaintiff being the only male. During this time, Mr. Brown was only 32 years old. Now that Mr. Brown had similar, case.   Ã‚  Ã‚   When this case was taken to state level, it sadly lost the case. They referred to the Plessy vs. Ferguson case. That case had allowed had allowed the separation between black and white. The Plessy Vs. Ferguson case stated that the separation was not violating any law or amendment. The state was allowing the separation because they said It will better preparing the children for when they get later treated like this when there grown up. During this time, African American werent allowed to eat in the same restaurants, drink from the same water fountains, or even ride in the same car train as white people. After losing the state case, Oliver and the NAACP didnt stop there. They took it to the next level. Oliver Brown and the NAACP took the whole case a step further. Determined to make a change in the segregation of the school board system. Mr. Brown and the NAACP went to the untied-states supreme court! They had first appealed in the supreme court in October, 1951. By this t ime, there were similar cases like Olivers. Some cases started   from Delaware, Virginia, and south Carolina.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The supreme court , first heard from the lawyers December 9, 1952. Both sides argued there point. Browns lawyers argued that there shouldnt be a segregation in the education unless there was proof that black children were different from anyone else. The board Of Educations lawyer argued that many people including some blacks scholars, did not see a problem in attending a all black school. The arguments went on for three days. The supreme court talked over several months about the case. While the supreme court was asking both lawyers questions about the case, one of the supreme justices died and had to be replaced. A year after the first arguments where heard, the case was stated once again. Three long years passed until the case was finally closed in May 17th, 1954. The case closed with finally favor of Linda Brown and the other African American children!! The supreme court said it not fair that the black and white children were segregated in different schools. the votes were 9 to 0. Mr. Brown and the NAACP had won the case ! They changed African American history. It took some schools many year s to put all the students together in the same school s and have them all treated fairly. Some people were still prejudice against the blacks. That still didnt change the fact that Oliver, the NAACP, and Linda Brown forever changed the world.   The purpose of the supreme court case Brown Vs. Board of Education, was to challenge the segregation of public schools. The segregation of public schools separated African American students and white students ,   which led to them attending different public schools. African American students and their parents argued that segregation was unconstitutional and a violation of the 14th amendment.

The Release and Transport of Nitrate in the Groundwater Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The nitrogen is brought to the ground from the atmosphere by the natural reactions of atmospheric nitrogen with the rainwater and reaches the earth as nitrate and ammonium salts. The nitrate gets accumulated in mainly in the groundwater. This nitrate accumulation is mainly due to the natural processes of nitrogen cycle and anthropogenic sources. The anthropogenic sources include agricultural processes, septic tanks, and application of the nitrogen-rich fertilizers in the land. The increase in the level of nitrate is alarming the world s environment. Nitrate, nitrous oxide and Ammonia are the major environment affecting factors. Of these compounds, the nitrate is of great concern because of their teaching ability into the groundwater source. 1 SORPTION AND DESORPTION: The ammonia and other nitrogen sources are adsorbed well into the soil. These adsorption mechanisms were of two types. Physical adsorption and chemisorption. It was found that the chemisorptions will take place first fo llowed by the physical adsorption. The Hydrogen bonding was found to be the best source of physical sorption. The physical adsorption was found to be very weak and found to have a short duration because of the drop of the pH quickly in the first week and thus enables the diffusion of the ammonia and influence the reduction of the concentration in the soil. We will write a custom essay sample on The Release and Transport of Nitrate in the Groundwater or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now (Schepers and Raun 2008). 2 ATTENUATION OF NITRATE IN GROUNDWATER: The rate of presence of nitrate in groundwater is found to play a critical role in the nitrate pollution. The process of reducing the concentration of nitrate in the soil is done by the nitrifying bacteria. The presence of the bacteria is influenced by many factors. The presence of the oxygen and the carbon concentration are also found to influence the denitrification rates. They include nutrient availability, pH, temperature, the concentration of the nitrate, the presence of the toxins and the presence of other microorganisms etc.

Edgar Allan Poe s Writing Style - 1071 Words

Edgar Allen Poe’s writing style was not well received during his life time, however his writing gained recognition as time passed turning him into a famous figure in the world of literature. Born in 1809, Poe died at the young age of 40 in 1849. Poe was one of the first writers to use short stories as a serious literary style. Most readers are unaware of the vast symbolism in Poe’s writing, but do enjoy the tonality and imagery he creates. Attention to detail and imagination allowed Edgar Allan Poe to influence a new style of writing in the nineteenth-century, and create some of the finest fictional horror stories which gained him recognition, although mostly after his death. Edgar Allan Poe’s writing differed from most writers during his time period. He was often critical of his contemporaries, as most writers wrote with the purpose to teach or instruct readers or make a religious or political statement. Poe believed literature was to be simply for the reader’s amusement. Due to his dislike for this didactic style of writing, he preferred writing horror short stories with the use of his imagination, which would impact the future of literature. Because Poe did not write like most of his contemporaries, he failed to have his work highly regarded by established literary people of his day. Poe not only wrote literature, but also contributed as a critic of his fellow writers. In nineteenth-century European literature, a movement began what was known as art for art’s sake – PoeShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe s Writing Style1303 Words   |  6 Pagesprovince of the poem† Poe, Edgar Allan. The Philosophy of Composition. 1846. The name Poe often brings to mind tales of horror and mystery, but this Poe was also a writer of sophisticated poems, capable of extreme poetic beauty within a dark genre of writing. Poe never lived the happiest of lives, but his writing is extraordinary, both for its execution, and for the sheer elegance of the words which he found to write upon the page. Death is among one of the recurring themes which Poe explored. Dark andRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Writing Style1942 Words   |  8 Pagesintelligence.†(Edgar Allan Poe) Edgar Allan Poe is a well-known author and poet from the 19th century. Poe has over sixty-nine publishe d works, and many are still being found today. His writing style is very dark, twisted, and depressing, but leaves a lasting impression. Poe based his writings off of his life which was a series of tragic events. Edgar Allan Poe’s work has inspired many movies to be made from his works and his works continue to inspire many authors today. Edgar Allen Poe is consideredRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And Nathaniel Hawthorne848 Words   |  4 Pagesbreaking free from the intellectual traditions of the past. This is effectively expressed by Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne despite differences in their writing style through the stories of The Raven and The Scarlet Letter respectively. Although their writing style is different, both authors indicate that breaking free from intellectual traditions of the past is present in their writing. Both Poe and Hawthorne want to know why things happen rather than how things happen so they focus onRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Black Cat 1650 Words   |  7 PagesBrittany White Mrs. Bey English 1101 1 April 2015 A Day in the Life Edgar Allan Poe is a very talked about writer. He has a dark, mysterious, gothic writing style. Poe was a troubled man that struggled in a lot of different areas in his life. It is believed that all of Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories were connected to his tragic life events. â€Å"The Black Cat† is one of Edgar’s well-known short stories. It is about a man that endured a series of tragic events. This man was very feminine and his lackRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe: Writing Style1259 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allen Poe: Writing Style The short story writer which I have chosen to research is Edgar Allen Poe. After reading one of his works in class, I realized that his mysterious style of writing greatly appealed to me. Although many critics have different views on Poe s writing style, I think that Harold Bloom summed it up best when he said, Poe has an uncanny talent for exposing our common nightmares and hysteria lurking beneath our carefully structured lives. ( 7) For me, this is doneRead MoreThe Father Of The Detective Story1593 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Father of the Detective Story†: How Edgar Allan Poe Developed and Influenced the Detective Fiction Genre Edgar Allan Poe has become a household name in the literary world. His unique writing style has earned him much-deserved respect and recognition. Poe s poetry and short story oeuvre follows a consistent, melancholy theme of death and darkness that has captured and haunted readers for years (Baym, et al. 683). Perhaps his most legendary contribution to literature is his creation of theRead MoreThe Tortured Poet : Edgar Allan Poe1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tortured Poet: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem† Poe, Edgar Allan. The Philosophy of Composition. 1846. The name Poe often brings to mind tales of horror and mystery, but this Poe was also a writer of sophisticated poems, capable of extreme poetic beauty within a dark genre of writing. Poe never lived the happiest of lives, but his writing is extraordinary, both for its execution, and for the sheer elegance of the words which he found to write upon the pageRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe; Fame Inspired by a Tragic Life865 Words   |  4 Pagespoet, Edgar Allan Poe, had been plagued by grief from an early age. He was an amazing poet and author who just happened to have a darker story. Many who have studied this prestigious man feel that his works, though magnificent, were extremely dark. Some believe it was nothing more then a fancy for him to spin such gruesome tales. Others feel his work was manipulated by the misfortune of his past. These people have actually found eviden ce that agrees with this statement. The works of Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreInfluence Of A Life By Richard Connell And Edgar Allan Poe1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of a Life Richard Connell and Edgar Allan Poe, two of the most famous authors at the time, are recognize by the different types of literature they wrote. Several of these pieces are still popular today. In many cases the life of the author can impact the different themes, or the techniques they use in their stories. Richard Connell’s and Edgar Allan Poe’s backgrounds reflects in the writing techniques they used to captivate their audience. Biography of Richard Connell The famous writerRead More Edgar Allen Poe Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe is a writer of the 1800’s. He has written many classics and has a unique style. Edgar fits into a gothic romance style that was prevalent at the time of his writing. Science at the time was making leaps and bounds and often scientists were immoral and hypocritical. This is reflected in Edgar’s sonnet to science were science has been destroying all that Edgar finds wonderful in the world. Edgar has a tough life with many losses which is also reflected

Chanel free essay sample

French fashion icon Coco Chanel went from being a struggling hat maker to being one of the fashion worlds most recognizable names. (eHoW. com, 2013)In this essay, I am going to talk about the company named CHANEL. Company over view A woman named Gabrielle Coco Chanel was born in 1883 in France. In 1919, Coco Chanel owed her first couture shop in Paris, giving â€Å"Coco Chanel† a name for herself in the fashion world. In this year ‘Chanel’ is just a name of fashion brand. In 1971 Coco Chanel died at the age of 87. Following her death, German designer Karl Lagerfeld became the company’s head designer. Also in this year, a company named CHANEL was been built by him. Now Chanel is a privately held company it designs, manufactures and sells watches, fragrance, clothes and fashion accessories. The company operates in the Europe, Asia and the US. Chanel brings a new range of clothing and Jewish in fashion shows. We will write a custom essay sample on Chanel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Chanel company analysis,2012) The designers use white and black skillfully to create different style of products. Chanel popularized a simpler yet incredibly chic style for women. The SWOT about Chanel Strengths Compared with other luxury brand, the products in Chanel is more extensive. Some of these are very popular in their domain. For example, the perfume named â€Å"Chanel No. 5† is well-liked by women. Chanel extends their brand’s popularity by advertisements and movies. It has great design group, everyone knows the company’s logo and its products’ high prices although the style and logo about Chanel is simple. Weakness There are about more than 1000 factories and hundreds of exclusive shop to manufacture and sell Chanel’s products in the world. The company has too much different group of employees and shops and it is hard for the management to control. What is more, Chanel makes products by different kinds of materials. The biggest weakness is that some materials are very hard to find, like crocodile, the resource about it is very rare. Opportunities Chanel is a fashion company. The major for this company is to make more and more products by the designer’s inspiration. So they could make new products by coming into contact with different and fresh things. It is to say that opportunities for a fashion company are in everywhere. Another opportunity is that Chanel can also make products for man. Mails are also a part of customers in our word. Treats For Chanel, a famous fashion company, the biggest risk is also designer’s inspiration. Not only for clothes handbag and jewels designed but also for the research on cosmetics. These years, Karl Lagerfeld the top designer in Chanel does not have too much break through in his works. Fashion changed every times, no one can forecast what will fashion like in future exactly. External analysis of Chanel (general environment) Women are the large rant of the customers in Chanel. Chanel solve their produces by using the form of boutiques. webcollage,2012 )This strategy can steadily reflects its top quality and unique features, and make customers feel their honorable status of service standards in the same time. All of this about Chanel is going to attracted customers in females. Women are always buying some thing because of the shop’s fantastic interior decoration or the good service. The most important thing is that, women are always yearning because of the unique charm of Chanel products. Its high prices let ordinary consumers prohibitive, but brand positioning become more and more elite. Chanel, 2012 )There is a fact that Chanel strengthened its weight of the most closely series products in order to attract more rich one to buy it. It is very common that people especially women in the society will never give up the pursuit of good things, and in their mind the more expensive the better. In many times having a handbag in Chanel or wearing clothes in this brand could win a lot of second glance. Certainly, a famous brand is not only based on the high pries but also its high quality. In this society customers pay more attention on the quality of the products. For example, haute couture is one of the most famous products n Chanel. Because of its high quality, many people are willing to spend their times to amend and fit on the clothes again and again, even it will c ost them a lot of money at the end. What is more, a large number of handbags in Chanel were made in individual workshop by the professional employees. The good services and delicately made help Chanel win a lot of customers and profit. External analysis of Chanel (competitive environment) This kind of external analysis of a company can be examined at five levels competitors, new entrants, and threat of substitutes, suppliers and customers. First of all, Chanel has a large number of competitors. The following companies like Levi Strauss amp; Co, Louis Vuitton SA and Prada are the major competitors of Chanel. (3Y,2012) Back to the nature, Chanel is just a company to sell bags clothes cosmetic and jewelry. There are many companies have the same characters in the world. They are all fashion companies. Inevitably, different brands are always having similar products, although fashion is a very complex word. Take LV for example, in 2012, LV designed a bag which is most likely to Chanel 2. 55, and the price is lower than it. For consumers, it provides more choice to chose, but for Chanel, it was bring a big challenge to hem. They have to increase the production rate and designer’s mind in order to attract buyer’s attention earlier than any other brand. Secondly, the emergence of the new fashion company is bringing some risks to Chanel. Most clearly, Valention a new luxury company from Italian have had a lot of improvement over the past year. This company is not only for bags but also popular in weeding dress. To be honest, women are always most interested in the new things. When something new was appeared in our eyes, the old brand would become more common. What is more, the threat of substitutes is playing a significant role. It is due to the fact that many small brand companies are going to sell the products in same style as Chanel and other fashion brands with good qualities but in lower price. For most people in the world, they are not willing to spend more than 10000 RMB to buy a bag. Their consumption view is very rational. It would happen that people could buy a bag which is most similar to the big brand with low price. It is not only a big risk for Chanel but also for any other big fashion brands to increase the client base. More over, the suppliers of Chanel are one of the most important events for this company to consider. The power of a supplier increases when there are few other sources of supply or the supplier has many other buyers. (Luis, David, 2012, P71) For example, in the past three years, the bag which is made of crocodile is very popular. As we all know, crocodiles are the first class national protected animals in the world, because it is very rare. Chanel tries to manufacture bags by the crocodiles. Unfortunately, it is very hard for the company to get this resources from suppliers, for instance, there are any other fashion companies want to get crocodiles to make products, and the suppliers are always could offer a little number of resources. Because of this, the cost about the bag is going to increase. It is hard for Chanel to get more profit by selling the bag. In order to solve this problem, Chanel are try to use PU a kind of material which looks more likely to crocodile. In this way, the company could save cost and increasing profits. Last but not least, the bargaining power of buyers is not very strong for Chanel. This kind of power increased when the number of customers in this company decreased. In term of the saleroom about Chanel in these years, this company must have a large number of customers that the power of buyers is very week. One example is that Chanel have to satisfy every require which customer needs if there is only one customer to buy their products. It is necessary for Chanel to improve their quality, serves and maybe to decrease their price. Conversely, in real life, Chanel has a large number of supporters. More clearly, if there are 100 customers to buy their bag, one of the customers is not satisfied with their serves; Chanel also has 99 customers to buy it. So, Chanel does not need to worry about the bargaining power of buyers. The internal environment analysis of Chanel Resource types and firm capabilities are tow main factors for a company of their internal environment. The inputs a firm uses to deliver products and services can be tangible resources and intangible resources. ( Luis, David, 2012, P73) Tangible resources is easy to qualified including financial resources and man power. China has been the fast growing luxury consumers in the world. In the year 2012, compare with the past year, the luxury goods saleroom increased 23%. This number has same meaning as 843 hundred million RMB. Chanel is for one-third of these luxury goods. Yidaba,2010) The most important is that China is one of Chanel’s markets, Chanel has its own flagship store all over the world. What we can image is that the profit about Chanel is uncountable. Different with some big company which have a large number of staff, Chanel only has about 2000 staff in their company include designers. Although Chanel does not have too many staff, every one is outstanding. The brand is now headed by German-born designer Karl Lagerfeld, who is famous and helps Chanel win a lot of applause. Many topping staffs like him are working for Chanel. The strong unman capital is also the intangible resources about Chanel. Producers and designers bring their own opinions and experiences to make the company grow well. The firm’s reputation is also a very important part in the intangible resources. Chanel is a well-know brand in our world during the young and the old. A lot of women crazy about it because of its high quality and good services. In customers’ eyes it is only right and proper for Chanel to have such high prices because of its reputation. In another aspect, the skills and abilities in doing work activities needed in its business are the capabilities of the company. Luis, David, 2012, P74) The success about Chanel No. 5 shows the great capabilities about Chanel. Chanel No. 5 is the first fragrance launched by Chanel. It cost about 5 years to research and development. Every stage is very rigorous include sampling concocting packaging advertising and selling. Conclusion Chanel might be regarded as one of the l eading fashion companies in the world, however, external forces such as technology, suppliers, bargaining power of customers, market demands and some new entrants could pose threats to its leading position. To respond to these threats, Chanel has to adopt sound management practices which include effective planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It is advised that, Chanel could try to open up new market, for instance, manufacture products for men. In order to let the products become more diversified, Chanel could research and development perfume jewelry and clothes for men. In the other hand, fashion changed quickly. There for it is good for Chanel to interview new designers. Not only maintaining the classics style with black and white, but also break new ground based on it. It could let the company become more productive. One most important thing for this company is that to improving the power of management about planning and controlling. Although, hand tailor is very delicate, it well cost a lot of times to manufacture. For Chanel, might be able to use some new technology to develop the speed. More over, to controlling the market demands, Chanel could properly increased the price in every year. It could help them get more profit and show its products’ value in a good way. Reference The History of Coco Chanel. (n. d). Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://www. ehow. com/about_4595780_history-coco-chanel. html#ixzz2JGTO3Hu0) Chanel company analysis. (n. d). Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://wenku. baidu. com/view/a6bf073467ec102de2bd89e1. html Chanel Extends Online Beauty Tools To Retailers Worldwide Using Interactive Web Services Solution. (n. d). Retrieved February 1, 2013, from http://www. webcollage. com/about-us/press-releases/chanel-extends-online-beauty-tools-to-retailers-worldwide-using-interactive-web-services-solution/ Chanel. (n. d). Retrieved February 3, 2013, from ttp://wenku. baidu. com/view/17e4e086e53a580217fcfe04. html Chanel company analysis. (n. d). Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://3y. uu456. com/bp-a6bf073467ec102de2bd89e1-1. html Luis,R. David, B. (2012). Management. Hagerstown: Congress Cataloging. Luis,R. David, B. (2012). Management. Hagerstown: Congress Cataloging. The Luxury Consumption Market In China. (n. d). Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://industr y. yidaba. com/fzfzpg/201012/011241591007100100000205026. shtml Luis,R. David, B. (2012). Management. Hagerstown: Congress Cataloging.

Jetblue Case free essay sample

Competitive Rivalry between Low-Cost Carriers Case Analysis 2 Kathleen Quiche Proof. Roseland B. Laceration Faculty, MEG 1 IA Time Context 2013 (Present) Getable is a United States domestic airline company who operates on a low-cost principle which translates into cheaper airfares to its customers. In February 2007 Getable underwent a particular event that could have been its last. Since its beginning in 1998 Getable became the 1 lath largest company in the industry within six years. Aside from Southwest airlines, Getable was the only company who had been bled to keep its books positive while the United States had undergone a terrorist attack and all other companies were reporting loses. Song airline was a low cost carrier subsidiary of Delta airlines that started in 2003. It was formed to compete with Getable and other low cost airlines for the Florida market. Summary of the Case Low-Cost Carriers have changed the way people fly and altered their expectations for air travel. We will write a custom essay sample on Jetblue Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most followed the same Low-Cost Carriers formula: high quality, low-fare air travel whose target market is Price conscious-leisure travelers. Like many businesses, competitive rivalry is a normal situation. Getable and Song are one of those many. Since both are Low-Cost Carriers with the same goal, they almost offer the same thing to their market. What makes them different from each other is how they step up their game. Both Getable and Song offer additional commodity to their flights along with their low-fare air travel. For instance, Getable offers free live satellite with 24 channels at each seat. And as a response, Song offers personal touchstones video monitors at each seat. As direct competitors, Getable and Song are expected to closely monitor each other and continuously give responses to each others advances in an attempt to decompose the other. Current Performance In 2010, Getable reported net income of $97 million and an operating margin of 8. 8%, as compared to net income of $61 million and an operating margin of 8. 6% in 2009. The year-over-year improvement in financial performance was primarily a result of an 8% increase in our average fares and 7% increase in capacity, offset by a 10% increase in our realized fuel price. For 2010, Getable had a ROI of 14. 7%. Mission Our mission is to bring humanity back to air travel Mission Statement Jet Blues mission is to be the leading low-fare, low-cost passenger airline offering sigh quality customer service to undeserved markets and customer who are looking for the best value in their flight. We have the newest most advanced planes that are reliable, fuel efficient, utilizes paperless cockpit technology, live in-flight satellite TV and security cameras. Our philosophy is to give customers the best price value for their ticket, offering things our competitors dont offer. At Getable we feel that hiring educated employees that are highly motivated and well trained will provide a better experience to the customers. We feel that our high-value, high quality service hilltops will lead the way to our becoming the number one in the industry. Vision At Getable our goal is to provide the best, most affordable flight experience of any air carrier while providing superior service. Core Values The Core Values are: * SAFETY: We commit to safety first, comply with all regulatory agencies, set and maintain consistently high standards, ensure the security of creamers and customers and never compromise safety. * CARING: Maintain respectful relationships with creamers and customers; strive to be a role model at work and in the community; embrace a healthy balance between work and family; take accessibility for personal and company growth. INTEGRITY: Demonstrate Honesty, Trust and Mutual Respect; Give the Getable Values a Heartbeat; never compromise the values for short-term results; possess and demonstrate broad business knowledge; commit to self improvement. * FUN: Exhibit a sense of humor and the ability to laugh at self; Add personality to the customer experience; Demonstrate and create enthusiasm for the Job; Seek to convert a negative situation into a positive customer experience; Create a friendly environment where taking risks is okay. * PASSION: Strive to meet the diverse needs of Creamers and Customers; Champion team spirit; Crave and deliver superior performance; Enjoy overcoming barriers to good service; Look for innovative solutions to business issues. L. Statement of Objective * To be able to distinguish each of the two companys competitive edge against each other * To be able to know the different strategies on how to survive in the competitive business world over rival companies. * To be able to know competitive actions occurring between competitors without incurring much cost and sacrificing its profit. II. Central Problem How would the company continuously improve their services to be able to maintain TTS edge against their rivalries? How would the business immediately respond to the needs of their customers without sacrificing its profit? Ill. Areas of Consideration SOOT Analysis Getable Strengths 1 . Functional Structure: Low Cost Carrier with a board and multiple departments. 2. The companys combination of low fares compared to other airlines and superior customer services. 3. New York-based Getable Airways has created a new airline category based on value, service and style. . High commitment to hiring better employees. 5. Through their current workings, they are able to build good brand loyalty. 6. The companys five key values: safety, caring, integrity, fun, and passion. 7. In their Operations and Logistics: Paperless cockpits, pilots were equipped with laptops to access flight manuals and make calculations. Weaknesses 1. Relative new company 2. Concentration on middle class 3. Old aircraft resulting in increased maintenance costs 4. Fuel prices have increased sharply over a short time, increasing operating costs for the aviation industry 5. Low fares could mean less money being made and less profit. Opportunities 1. Increasing demand for air travel. 2. Legacys Laics allowed connecting flights to their parents airlines, shared their request flier programs and had access to parents gates and landing/takeoff slots. 3. Power of Other Stakeholders: Quality, safety, and environmental regulations are increasing. 4. Automation of ticketing and self check-in services lowers overhead costs. 5. Technological Enhancement: Company internet websites account for the majority to sales. Thus, decreasing operating costs 6 Bargaining re to Buyers: Price is going to dictate with whom buyers spend their money. Since it renders low cost, it will have more customers. The more buyers a company has, the more source of potential revenue there is. Threats . Threat of New Entrants: The growing number of Low Costs Carriers (Laics) in the aviation industry, and the attempts of the Full Service Airlines (Fast) to take away market share from the Laics had led to a fall in the average fares. Legacy airlines launched low-cost subsidiaries of their own, to compete with Laics. . Rivalry among Existing Firms: Many airlines that were operating began to recapture the market share. These airlines were able to undercut competition by offering very low fares, taking advantage of the protection of the bankruptcy laws. 3. Threat of Substitute Products or Services. . Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Aircraft manufacturers would sell aircraft at higher interest rate because of a limited number of substitute goods. Aircraft would also arrive to airlines later than agreed, causing delays and loss of revenue and image. 5. Terrorist attacks like the 9/11 incident cause scared passengers away from flying for many years after. 6. Increasing number of safety and environmental regulations increase operating costs. 7. Changing needs and tastes of customers. SOOT ANALYSIS SONG 1 . The basic marketing strategy of Song Airlines was to reduce cost and increase illume through operational efficiencies and hence increase profits. 2. Value pricing strategy with fares that is simple and transparent. 3. Extensive use of low cost channels of distribution primarily internet. 1 . Technology dependence on operation. . No clear mission and vision. 3. Differentiation 1. To compete with traditional airlines like American Airlines and upstarts like Getable, Song completely altered the common way of flying. Song got rid of sky-high airfare rates and priced the flights between $79 and $299 and increased utilization of the same fixed cost asset by flying planes more hours a day, using gates more recently, and driving distribut ion to lower cost channels like the Internet. 2. Song bought large planes, removed first class seats, and added 70 percent more economy seats. 3. They increased the number of flights per day by turning the planes faster. 1 The market environment at the time to the case was extremely difficult Witt rising costs of fuel, increasing security requirements after 9/1 1 and customers expectations of lower fares. It has forced many big players in the airline industry into bankruptcy. 2. The operational costs which include gate fees, ground operational costs etc. Ere increasing causing even more problems for the airlines. 3. The fares in the Florida route were decreasing while the costs were ever increasing making it difficult to remain operational in that space. IV. Alternative Course of Action There are possible solutions to the problem with corresponding advantage and disadvantages. Alternative Action #1 : Consider other services that will be more needed by the customers according to their preferences. Advantage 1 . The taste and preferences of the customers are known to be able to create and innovate new product lines. 2. It will increase more of its profit and revenue. . It will create a competitive edge over its rival in the markets. Disadvantage 1. It can incur material amount of investment and time consuming. Alternative Action #2: Management should perform extensive research and development to enhance its service and operations to outcome its rival 1. It will give enough information about the rival companies. 2. It will decrease the risk that underlies in entering into a new idea or proposals without thorough study. 3. The result of the research will serve as a guideline or criterion that can be use in the long-run. 4. It is a good investment of the company. . It is costly for the company to conduct extensive research. 2. The research requires time to observe and analyze the data gathered. Alternative Action #3: The Company should also adapt to the changes that the other competitors used in their own operation. 1 . The company will not be outdated when it comes to the latest trends and technological innovations happening in the market. 2. It will serve as an strength of the company 1. The company will invest more capital in lieu of the changes that will be adapted. 2. The company will not have its distinguishing mark against its rivals because theyre just imitating them, Just going with the flow and not taking risk. V. Strategy Formulation / Recommendation I therefore conclude that the best solution to the problem is alternative course number 2 because it will fully utilize and develop the companys resources in a bigger market. It will also make the company more competitive and take the lead among its rivals. Conducting an extensive research allows the company to know about the ongoing set of competitive actions and responses occurring between them (the company itself and its competitors) as they compete against each other for a ore advantageous market position. VI. Plan of Action 1 . Conduct surveys and feedbacks from customers who might have some idea on how to improve and satisfy them. 2. Train Management Personnel and employees by meaner of seminars to enhance their skills and knowledge in managing the company. 3. Make a marketing strategy that is very catchy to get the customers attention to patronize your product or services over the competitors. VI. Potential Problem 1 . What if the company refuses to adapt the changes? 2. What if undergoing in an extensive research was not enough to get enough information gathered by the company? How will they manage the circumstances? 3. What if the company cant afford to accommodate the management and employees to attend seminars and trainings? VIII. Contingency Plans 1 . If the company refused to adapt to changes, Just continue to uphold their reputation for them to be able to maintain their customers and to prevent having losses. 2. If the strategy failed, analyze the cause of the failure and then formulate a new strategy to accommodate the failure. 3. If they cant accommodate all, they can send at least 3 employees for a seminar and another 3 employees for training.

Concentration and rates of reaction Essays

Concentration and rates of reaction Essays Concentration and rates of reaction Paper Concentration and rates of reaction Paper I am investigating the effect of the concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the speed of the reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. When these react together, sulphur is formed. A balanced chemical equation for the reaction is Na2S2O3 + 2HCl S + 2NaCl + SO2 + H20 Apparatus Total of 10cm3 of distilled H20 Total of 15cm3 of HCl Total of 125cm3 of Na2S2O3   Paper with cross to see how long it takes for cross to disappear under flask Conical flask to hold solutions needed for experiment   2 measuring cylinders to measure out correct amounts of solutions. 2 beakers and 2 pipettes to contain solutions before going into the conical flask. The pipettes are for accurate measuring of the solutions. Method 1. I will put a big black cross on a piece of paper, the size of the bottom of the conical flask. 2. The conical flask will be put on the paper. 3. 25cm3 of Sodium thiosulphate will be added to the conical flask. 4. Added to the Na2S2O3 (Sodium Thiosulphate) will be 5cm3 of Hydrochloric acid. 5. I will then time, from when the HCl was added, until the view of the cross is blocked. I will do this using a stopwatch. The liquid should turn yellow from colorless. 6. I am going to use different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. I will obtain the different concentrations of HCl by adding ratios of water to the HCl. The total volume added each time will be 5cm3, to make the total volume inside the conical flask 30cm3. Each time, I will use the following concentrations; Experiment 1: 0cm3 H2O 5cm3 HCl 25cm3 Na2S2O3 Experiment 2: 1cm3 H2O 4cm3 HCl 25cm3 Na2S2O3 Experiment 3: 2cm3 H2O 3cm3 HCl 25cm3 Na2S2O3 Experiment 4: 3cm3 H2O 2cm3 HCl 25cm3 Na2S2O3 Experiment 5: 4cm3 H2O 1cm3 HCl 25cm3 Na2S2O3 7. I will repeat the experiment twice in order to get a more accurate result, as an average will be obtained. Prediction The faster the reaction takes place, the shorter the time needed for the reaction to finish. To be more precise, the speed of reaction is inversely proportional to the time taken for the reaction to finish. If the acid concentration doubles, the speed doubles. The reason for this is that the ions are closer together in a concentrated solution. The closer together they are, the more often the Sodium Thiosulphate ions and Hydrochloric Acid ions collide. The more often they collide, the more chance they have of reacting. I, therefore, predict that with the acid concentration decreasing, it will take longer for the cross to disappear. Fair test To justify my prediction, the following factors need to be controlled to obtain accurate results;   The person watching the experiment will be the same each time as it is a judgement that only the same person would note.   I would need to use the same equipment all the time I need to keep the pipettes in the right beakers because of they werent, I could get a reaction that I do not want and that would mean that one conical flask will have either more or less HCl than required. This would be unfair to the experiment.   I am changing the concentration, which means the temperature will have to stay the same. If the temperature was to change, the experiment would be unfair. With colder water, the particles move slowly and do not collide very often. If you increased the temperature, the particles would begin to move faster with greater energy. They will collide more often with many more collisions being successful than before. This is because temperature affects the amount of kinetic energy the particles have and therefore the reaction time. Results 0. 05M of Sodium thiosulphate 2M of Hydrochloric acid 60cm3 5cm3 Volume of Thiosulphate cm3 Volume of water cm3 Time taken for X to disappear seconds Average time taken seconds 1st test Repeat 1 Repeat   All averages are rounded to nearest whole number The averages are plotted on graph (1) overleaf Concentration/M Rate. These results are plotted on graph (2) overleaf Analysis The faster a reaction takes place, the shorter is the time needed for the reaction to finish. This is true with my results, as with the highest concentration of Hydrochloric Acid present, the time taken for it to react was greater than any other concentration of HCl. Looking at graph (1), I can see only one anomalous result. This is the reaction between 10cm3 Thiosulphate and 50cm3 water. The average time taken resulted in 1169 seconds. This seems unlikely as with 15cm3 Thiosulphate and 45cm3 water, the average time taken is 622 seconds. Possible reasons for the anomalous results could have been down to either poor observation skills, or not rinsing the conical flask out properly. There could have been more water in there than anticipated, therefore making the solution less concentrated than it should have been. The 622 seconds result fits in well with the other results and forms a pattern of a smooth gradual decline curve on the graph. The anomalous result makes the graph flatten out at the bottom of the curve. When drawing the line of best fit, I did not include the anomalous result. The graph does show the trend that when the volume of thiosulphate is decreased the time taken decreases also. Looking alternatively to graph (2), there does not seem to be any anomalous results. The points join up to make a smooth upwards curve on the graph. The line of best fit is placed between all of the points, this works well as there are an equal amount of points on either side, with them all spread fairly evenly along the curved line. This links in very well with my prediction that with a higher concentration, the rate of reaction is faster. Evaluation. My method worked well because I was able to get a set of results at the end. However, there were a few problems. On graph (1) there was an anomalous result, and because we did the experiment over two days, we could not use the same apparatus as the day before. The stopwatch however was the same, so we were able to get as accurate results as the previous day. Graph (2) does not show any anomalies. Graph (1) shows a point that doesnt fit the pattern, as does the second point of graph (2). Even though the graph does join up fairly smoothly, the point is slightly out. This point has been circled on the graph. To make sure there are no anomalous results next time, you will need to follow the method and equipment list fully, and make sure the flask and beakers are cleaned out and dried before a new experiment is taken out. If done again, I would change the temperature rather than the acid concentration. When sodium thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid are reacted together, Sulphur is formed. The temperature increase would make the Sulphur form faster. The ions would have more kinetic energy so would collide more often and more vigorously and so there is a greater chance that they will react.

Issues in Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issues in Terrorism - Essay Example 230). However, the thing that needs to be understood is that in a historical sense, the definition of the term terrorism had been increasingly dependent on the interests and intentions of the powers who tried to define terrorism. Hence, the meaning of the term terrorism will always go on changing in the future in consonance with the agenda of the powers which extend the majority narrative. Before elaborating on the relativity of the definition of terrorism, it will indeed be insightful to try to circumscribe the concept of terrorism within the domain of some widely accepted commonalities. It is a reality that in all ages and times, terrorism did evince some common traits and characteristics. To begin with, it would not be wrong to say that terrorism does happen to be a radical and extreme genre of political manipulation (Stout, 2002, p. 65). Most of the times the terrorists do resort to acts of extreme violence to create an environment of uncertainty and intimidation so as to make people get convinced about the ubiquity and potency of their power and sway. The other particular thing is that the aim of terrorism is always to disseminate a pervasive sentiment of panic and fear. Besides, terrorists also resort to acts of violence to accrue media and popular attention. Also, the most important thing about terrorism is that it contradicts and defies the sacrosanct human va lues and aspirations. Now, if one considers some of these characteristics that are common to the configuration of a viable definition of terrorism, it is possible to contrive a definition of terrorism which may not be concrete, but still manages to convey a malleable meaning and intent that could be grasped by human logic and ethics. However, the sad thing is that if one takes into consideration the historical realities, the act of defining terrorism has always been subservient to the intent and aspirations of the dominant narrative. It is said that

The implementation of a statistical process control to ensure total Essay

The implementation of a statistical process control to ensure total quality management and identify solutions to satysfying customer needs and reduce waste in the company - Essay Example This is inherently present in the method of data collection that was put in place while conducting the primary analysis. In this case, the data that has been put forward in the report was collected by analyzing the colour defects in a random sample of 200 units and the height variance of dolls for a period of 30 days. For accuracy, charts and table were designed and analyzed. We used an Np-chart to plot data on the colour defects and a histogram for the height difference of the dolls as the appropriate Statistical Process Control charts to monitor the data. The Np-chart was used because the data on colour defects was prepared as counted time attribute data with a constant sample size. The following charts prepared in MS-excel show the findings of the report in details. Chart 1.0 Np-chart for the number of defective dolls The Np-chart shows how the process, measured by the number of nonconforming items such as the dolls it produces, changes over time. Chart 2.0 Histogram for the heigh t measurements of the dolls The histogram was a suitable choice because the data collected in the 30 days was a measured time variable data with columns of decimals. Discussion and Recommendation The results indicate that there is a problem in the company. More specifically, the problem is traceable to the production part of the company. Consequently, the managerial team of the company should act fast in implementation of effective measures some of which we have discussed in the recommendations provided. There is a high number of customer dissatisfaction due to inconsistent and non-uniform manufacturing. It is evident, from both the report as well as the data collected too, that for every 200units sampled at... This study looks into Tom pulling Toys Company, a well-respected major global manufacturer of educational toys for children. The company plans to expand its profit margin and crave towards becoming a market leader. However, with the current competition from China, the company is in the race towards changing its strategies to counter the completion and remain profitable. With such demands to find the ideal changes, a Statistical Process Control method has been put in place to solve this issue. This report gives the overview of the progress of the Processes control in detail. After investigating the variation in the height of dolls and the different colour schemes in the dolls sampled, it was found that the dolls are suitable for the market but fail to meet Total Quality Management that is in line with the company requirements. This results from production of dolls that are not within a competitive scope of the market and provides a leeway for companies in China to provide threatening competition to the sale of dolls and possibly other products which are also part of the products that the company produces. In any market, it is imperative to stay ahead of the competition in order to remain relevant and improve competitive edge. It is important to consider long term benefits to the company when designing and manufacturing given the quality of the products will be ultimately determined by the customers. Apart from handling the individual faults in the height and colouring of the dolls, the product quality needs to be defined with measurable and appealing characteristics that can win buyers.

A Study Of The Predictive Effect Of Pre-Service Teacher Essay Example for Free

A Study Of The Predictive Effect Of Pre-Service Teacher Essay ABSTRACT: This paper aims to examine the relationship between the personal knowledge management (PKM) competency of pre-service teachers and their instructional design skills. Supporting the sustainable development of teachers as professionals in the knowledge society is a critical issue in teacher education. This study attempts to identify an empirical model and a curriculum framework for nurturing pre-service teachers’ PKM competency. Dorsey (2000) PKM skills were adopted for constructing the theoretical framework and the survey instrument. A quasi-experimental research design was used to collect data from pre-service teachers from Hong Kong’s largest teacher education institution. A structural equation model was applied to explore the predictive power of PKM competency on their instructional design. Results show that a four-factor PKM competency model, which consists of retrieving, analyzing, organizing and collaborative skills, was identified as a predictor of instructional design. Use of PKM tools, e-learning activities and collaborative action research for developing pre-service teacher PKM competency are recommended to teaching education institute. Keywords: Personal knowledge management, Pre-service teacher, Teacher education Introduction Rapid advances in technology and communications have greatly accelerated the emergence of information. The increases in the amounts and formats of information available do not automatically make learners more informed or knowledgeable, if a learner cannot manage and meld the accumulation of  information through their daily experience and study to construct knowledge in a systematic fashion. This competency is referred by most literatures (Frand Hixon, 1999; Dorsey, 2000; Wright, 2005) as personal knowledge management (PKM) competency. Developing learners with PKM competency is not simply a lifelong education issue, it is also an important teacher education issue in terms of sustaining a competitive human capital in the knowledge economy. Teacher development is viewed as an ongoing lifelong learning process as teachers strive to learn how to teach learner to learn how to learn (Cochran-Smith Lytle, 1999). The recent education reforms in Hong Kong (Education Commission, 2000) addressed this lifelong education issue by proposing a learning to learn slogan in the policy document. The policy suggests that teachers should develop student learning competence for acquiring knowledge through various methods. To develop students with knowledge acquisition skills, teachers should also be equipped with the competency for knowledge acquisition. However, since publication of the policy paper entitled Information Technology for Learning in a New Era Five-year Strategy that launched IT in education in Hong Kong (EMB, 1998), the Education Bureau has not addressed this issue in any teacher professional development policy documents. Recent calls for consultation on e-learning from the Education Bureau likewise generated additional demand for developing teacher information literacy capable of supporting student learning (EMB, 2004). If the government and teacher education institutions really want to develop competent teachers for the knowledge society, they may consider injecting the elements of personal knowledge management (PKM) into the teacher education curriculum for developing pre-service teachers’ teaching competency. However, little studies on teacher education were attempted to examine the effect of PKM on teacher learning and discussed the possibilities of injecting the element of PKM model into teacher education curriculum. This study aims to construct an empirical model for examining the predictive effect of pre-service teachers’ PKM competency on their instructional design skills and to discuss a personal knowledge management curriculum framework for teacher education institutions. Literature Review A review of the literature related to knowledge management suggests that the development of personal knowledge management (PKM) could be a means of enhancing pre-service teacher professional competency in managing personal knowledge for coping with the acceleration of emerging information. Frand Hixon (1999) define PKM as a conceptual framework to organize and integrate important information such that it becomes part of an individual’s personal knowledge base. Dorsey (2000) emphasizes the importance of injecting PKM into an educational framework for undergraduate education in order to bridge the gap between general education and other subject disciplines. PKM could serve as a framework for integrating general education and majors and as an approach to technology integration initiatives throughout the curriculum. PKM provides learners with both a common language and a common understanding of the intellectual and practical processes necessary for the acquisition of information and its subsequent transformation into knowledge. The significance of exploring PKM may contribute to human cognitive capabilities (Sheridan, 2008). Scholars tend to conceptualize PKM as a set of information skills (Frand Hixon, 1999; Avery et al, 2001), though there is no standard definition or model for PKM. After Frand Hixon (1999) outlined five PKM techniques as searching, classifying, storing distributing, evaluating and integrating skills, Dorsey and colleagues (Avery et al, 2001) broadened the Frand Hixon PKM framework well beyond its formulation. Central to PKM, as clarified by Dorsey, are seven information skills which when exercised together are integral to effective knowledge work. These seven PKM skills are retrieving, evaluating, organizing, analyzing, presenting and securing information and collaboration for creating knowledge. Recently, Pettenati and Cigognini (2009) grouped PKM skills under three intertwined macro-competence categories: creation, organization and sharing. PKM can also be conceptualized as an intertwined macro-competency. Wright (2005) proposes a PKM model that links distinctive types of problem-solving  activities with specific cognitive andmetacognitive, information, social and learning competencies. As a learning competency, PKM enables learners to apply a set of learning skills that are essential to lifelong learning for information processing, knowledge application and decision-making. As a cognitive and metacognitve competency, it enables learners to apply complex thinking skills to solve problems. It is knowledge concerning the learner’s own cognitive processes or anything related to them (Flavell, 1976, p232). As an information competency, it enables learners to link technology tools with a set of information skills, thus providing an intentionality that moves the focus from the technology more directly to the information. As a social competency, its underlying principles include enabling learners to understand others’ ideas, develop and follow through on shared practices, build win-win relationships, and resolve conflicts. PKM integrates human cognitive and metacognitive competency (Sheridan, 2008), social competency (Wright, 2005; Pettenati Cigognini, 2009) and informational competency (Tsui, 2002). Wright (2007) has developed a PKM Planning Guide for developing knowledge worker PKM competency. The guide is based on his research findings that the four interrelated competencies are activated in order to plan PKM training. The training process encourages participants to reflect on their knowledge activities and focus on areas for improvement. If learners know how to control this process, they can internalize information into personal knowledge, creating a foundation for effective learning. Utilizing PKM for acquiring knowledge refers to a collection of information management processes that an individual learner needs to carry out in order to gather, classify, store, search, and retrieve information in his daily activities (Tsui, 2002; Grundspenkis, 2007). In teacher education, knowledge acquisition focuses on the process how teacher apply PKM to support their day-to-day teaching and learning activities: instructional design. Instructional design is closely related to PKM which is also one of the major learning tasks for pre-service teachers. Instructional design is a process that involves determining the current status and needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating instructional  and learning strategies to facilitate teaching and learning. There are a wide range of instructional design models, many of them based on the ADDIE model (Seels Glasgow, 1998; Molenda, M., 2003; Strickland, A.W. 2006) which includes the following phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This acronym stands for the 5 phases contained in the model. Knowledge acquisition for instructional design is conceptualized as identifying learner entry skills, formulating instructional objectives, test and design specifications, creating instructional or training materials, making recommendations and preparing a project report for lesson implementation. As instructional design is one of the key components of teacher professional competence, and helps to implement a new curriculum in the information age of the 21st century, exploring the predictive relationships of PKM competency on knowledge acquisition for instructional design becomes key to the development of teacher education. Research Methodology It appears that PKM competency can expand individuals’ knowledge and enhance their learning competency (Davenport, 1997, p146 ; Frand Hixon, 1999). It provides learners with a targeted, reflective and adaptable cognitive framework for inquiry and problem solving. In this study, knowledge acquisition will be conceptualized as the knowledge required for carrying out instructional design. This study attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. What is the empirical factor structure of PKM competency for pre-service teachers? 2. Is there any relationship between the PKM competency of pre-service teachers and their knowledge acquisition for instructional design? This study adopted Dorsey (2000) PKM skills to conceptualize PKM as a competency for acquiring knowledge (see figure 1). A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study to determine the relationship between PKM skills and knowledge acquisition for instructional design. The exogenous variables were pre-service teachers perceptions of their PKM skills. The endogenous variable is knowledge acquisition for instructional design. A  self-response quantitative questionnaire was devised to collect data from the pre-service teachers of Hong Kong’s largest teacher education institution. Figure 1: Theoretical Framework Of The Study The operationalized definitions of Dorsey (2000) PKM skills are as follows: 1. Retrieving skill is the ability of learners to retrieve information from relational databases, electronic library databases, websites, threaded discussion groups, recorded chats, and moderated andunmoderated lists. 2. Evaluating skill is the ability to make judgments on both the quality and relevance of information to be retrieved, organized, and analyzed. 3. Organizing skill is the ability to make the information one’s own by applying ordering and connecting principles that relate new information to old information. 4. Collaborating skill is the ability  to understand others’ ideas, develop and follow through on shared practices, build win-win relationships, and resolve conflicts between these underlying principles. 5. Analyzing skill is the ability to extract meaning from data and convert information into knowledge. 6. Presenting skill is the ability to familiarize with the work of communications specialists, graphic designers, and editors. 7. Securing skill is the ability to develop and implement practices that help to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and actual existence of information. This study adopted ADDIE instructional design model to conceptualize instructional design as a multiple competencies that involves analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation of a lesson (Molenda, 2003; Strickland, 2006). The acronym ADDIE stands for the 5 phases contained in the model. Pre-service teachers’ learning on instructional design is conceptualized by the knowledge and experiences they come across in the 5 phases of ADDIE model including analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The learning outcomes include know how to analyse learner characteristics and task to be learned and identify learner entry skills; to design learning objectives and choose an instructional approach; to develop instructional or training materials; implement the lesson and deliver the instructional materials; and to evaluate the lesson plan and recommend the materials achieved the desired goals. The teaching experience that they had gained include determining the current state and needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating some instructional and learning strategies to facilitate teaching and learning. Instructional design is operationalized to the knowledge for: identifying learner entry skills; formulating instructional obJectives, test and designs specifications; creating instructional or training materials; and making recommendations and preparing a project report for lesson implementation (Seels Glasgow, 1998; Molenda, M., 2003; Strickland, A.W. 2006). The questionnaire was based on a number of scales constructed to measure the variables of PKM skills and instructional design. In order to develop valid items for these scales, the researcher conducted a content analysis on the PKM literature of Dorsey (2000), Skyrme (1999). Hyams (2000), and on the instruction design literature of Seels Glasgow (1998), Molenda, M. (2003); and Strickland, A.W. (2006). The questionnaire consists of two sections. Section 1 was used to measure the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition for instructional design based on 4 items. Section 2 contains 21 items designed to measure the teachers’ perceptions of their seven PKM skills. Likert 6 point scales were used in both sections to measure the variables. Likert scales are commonly used in attitudinal research. The Likert scale assumes that the difference between answering agree strongly, and agree is the same as between answering agree and neither agree nor disagree (Likert 1932, quoted in Gay, 1992 ). The data was collected directly from target subjects using the questionnaire. 225 pre-service teachers responded to the survey. Data was collected directly from them by means of the questionnaire. The subjects in the study were pre-service teachers from Hong Kong’s largest teacher education institution. Random sampling was used to collect data from the population. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out on variables using principal factor axis analysis to confirm the constructed validity of the tools (see table 1). The study is interested in a theoretical solution uncontaminated by unique and error variability and is designed with a framework on the basis of underlying constructs that are expected to produce sources on the observed variables. Principal axis factor (PAF) analysis, which aims to reveal the underlying factors that produce the correlation or correlations among a set of indicators with the assumption of an implicit underlying factor model, was applied separately to the items from the learning processes and learning outcomes. Promax rotation, a method of oblique rotation which assumes that the resulting factors are correlated with one other, was applied to extract the factors. An eigenvalue greater than one was used to determine the appropriate number of factors for the factor solutions. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was then applied to  examine the factor structures and the paths among the variables, using Lisrel 8.3 (Joreskog Sorbom, 1999). SEM is a collection of statistical techniques that allows the examination of a set of relationships between exogenous variables and endogenous variables. Findings The results of exploratory factor analysis, presented in Table 1, clearly suggest a four- factor structure for exogenous variables that are both empirically feasible and theoretically acceptable. An eigenvaluegreater than one was used to determine the appropriate number of factors for the factor analysis solution. Items were extracted with factor loadings greater than 0.6 across and within factors. The numbers of factor solutions extracted from a Promax rotation theoretically afforded the most meaningful interpretation. The process used to identify and label the factors that emerged was based on examining the derivation of the highest loading items on each of the factors. The reliability coefficients of the scales ranged from 0.792-0.821, which was judged adequate for this study. The results of descriptive statistics show that the scale means of all the variables are higher than 4.27 within the 6 point-scale, reflecting the participants’ tendency to slightly agree with all the items. The reliability coefficient (Alphas) of the scale for instructional design is 0.854, its scale mean is 4.33 (sd = 0.691).

Economic Divergence In Australia :: essays research papers

Economic divergence in Australia – it is an issue that I feel all Australians should be aware of and deal with, because if the gap is not bridged, then Australia's economic prosperity and social fabric will be under serious threat. Evidence of this divide is seen with the differences in unemployment rates and household income between the urban and rural regions. Australia's economy has sent inner-city employment levels through the roof - thousands of millionaires created each year by exploding real estate prices in Sydney and Melbourne have helped to feed a huge retail boom. This, however, goes only so far - there is a 'dark' side to our prosperity - Australia is experiencing a wealth divide, and areas in the bush and other rural communities are struggling for survival. Evidence may also be found in the city, where suburbs a few kilometres apart differentiate enormously in terms of income and unemployment rates. Take the bush, for example, where reliance on a single industry and a shortage of services creates a wealth of problems. Not only this, but low prices for key commodities such as wheat and wool is making life very tough for many rural communities across Australia. In terms of unemployment, the number of jobs in rural and mining areas has been on the decline and particularly in the past 15 years. At the other end of the spectrum, outlying suburbs of Sydney and Melbourne still face unemployment rates of above 10% because of the cutting back of employment in traditional industries such as textile, clothing and footwear, and vehicle manufacture. This can plainly be seen in Elizabeth, north of Adelaide, where almost one in four of those seeking work are unemployed and the suburb remains heavily dependent on the car industry. In terms of statistics, a huge contrast is evident with the unemployment rate in the Murraylands in South Australia at 11.3%, against the minute 2.9% in the inner-west of Sydney. This is underlying evidence of the variance between city and bush. The growing chasm may also be seen with the differences in household income, where in an area such as the Wide-Bay Burnett region in Queensland has barely half the household income of inner Sydney. It is predicted that during the next five years, many regions of Australia will struggle to achieve increases of household income of up to $1000, while the 'global' city segments of Melbourne and Sydney can expect increases of between $6000 and $8000, an enormous contrast.

Argumentative Essay on Teen Pregnancy

Teenage pregnancy is a major issue in the United States. Some people say that this is society’s fault. Although having sex and getting pregnant is due to personal choices and decisions, there are a few things society could do to prevent it. Excessive teenage pregnancy could be controlled with appropriate media, more readily available birth control, and people to set good examples for young women. Just flipping through the channels on a Saturday afternoon you can see all sorts of inappropriate media full of sexual suggestions.Even aside from all the sex scenes in movies, there are shows SPECIFICALLY about teen pregnancy. Shows like Teen Mom and 16 and Pregnant make pregnancy seem acceptable and cool. If having sex at young ages didn’t seem like the cool thing to do, many teens wouldn’t do it. Taking inappropriate shows and movies off the air could make a difference in the teenage pregnancy rate. There are many forms of birth control.In a lot of arguments about tee n pregnancy there is talk about making condoms more readily available, but I think that other forms of birth control that are more consistently effective should be promoted instead. Condoms are important to use, but many times they can break or be ineffective. Plus let’s face it, in the heat of the moment lack of a condom doesn’t always keep sex from happening. Birth control pills are a cheaply made, more effective form of birth control. If forms of birth control such as the pill were cheaper and easier to get, more teens would be protected and less would get pregnant.The world in general is in need of good role models. Anyone that tweens and teens look up to should really try to focus on setting a good example. In a world full of bad examples, its especially important to set good ones for the group of people in that developmental stage. Teenagers need role models to protect them from falling victim to the pressures of today’s society, especially the sexual ones . In conclusion, I believe that teenage pregnancy is a very important issue.The sexual society of today’s America has resulted in a large increase in teen pregnancy. Programs that promote teen pregnancy and things that lead to teen pregnancy should be taken off every day television. Although it is going to be impossible to keep teens from having sex, making birth control extremely easy to use and get ahold of could have a huge effect on the teenage pregnancy rate. These two things along with good parental guidance and support, and good role models to look up to, would keep most teens from getting pregnant.

Elephant and Rhino Comparison - 1229 Words

The white rhinoceros and the Asian elephant possess many similar characteristics, including the way they look, yet also possess many differences such as the two continents they live on. There are five living species of rhino (black, white, Indian, Javan and Sumatran) and only two of the elephant (African and the Asian). All are in jeopardy of extinction with their slow rate of breeding, poaching and in the rhinoceroses, their territorial behavior. Both of these beasts belong to the same kingdom (Animalia), phylum (Chordata), sub-phylum (Vertebrata) and class (Mammalia). Meaning they are both back-boned mammalian, animals. They both have hair and give birth to live young. White rhinos (Ceratotherium simum), and Asian elephants (Elephas†¦show more content†¦The wails of a courting male rhinoceros are called  ¡Ã‚ ¥hic-throbbing ¡Ã‚ ¦ or even the males ¡Ã‚ ¦ love-song. Scientists don ¡Ã‚ ¦t know why but they believe it has something in common with the deep abdominal groans of the Asian elephant which can be transmitted through the ground and felt by others. In either species, if it is possible for the male to make body contact with the female he tries to lay his head or trunk in the elephant, on her back. After lots ofShow MoreRelatedPoaching of Endangered Species2264 Words   |  10 Pagessuffocates it. Since using these methods they have a success rate on killing the animals, for example elephants in past history the number for them have been rapidly lowering because of poaching. In the 1960’s there were about 30,000 elephants alive and roaming, but in 1982-83 the numbers of elephants went down to about 2,000. The poachers use pitfalls mainly for the larger animals like elephants. 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However considering the pace of change and current growth rate of the tourism industry luring many companies into the sector, this may be short-lived. Hence there will beRead MoreA Report On Boko Haram4313 Words   |  18 PagesHowever, it is important to note that the southern part is richer than the northern part. A vast majority of the Northern region is desert land, which is unfertile. The main economic activity carried out in the region is herding of livestock. In comparison, the southern part is not only fertile but is also home to a number of natural resources, mainly oil. As a result, the southern part, which is Christian, is very rich. 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