The Release and Transport of Nitrate in the Groundwater Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The nitrogen is brought to the ground from the atmosphere by the natural reactions of atmospheric nitrogen with the rainwater and reaches the earth as nitrate and ammonium salts. The nitrate gets accumulated in mainly in the groundwater. This nitrate accumulation is mainly due to the natural processes of nitrogen cycle and anthropogenic sources. The anthropogenic sources include agricultural processes, septic tanks, and application of the nitrogen-rich fertilizers in the land. The increase in the level of nitrate is alarming the world s environment. Nitrate, nitrous oxide and Ammonia are the major environment affecting factors. Of these compounds, the nitrate is of great concern because of their teaching ability into the groundwater source. 1 SORPTION AND DESORPTION: The ammonia and other nitrogen sources are adsorbed well into the soil. These adsorption mechanisms were of two types. Physical adsorption and chemisorption. It was found that the chemisorptions will take place first fo llowed by the physical adsorption. The Hydrogen bonding was found to be the best source of physical sorption. The physical adsorption was found to be very weak and found to have a short duration because of the drop of the pH quickly in the first week and thus enables the diffusion of the ammonia and influence the reduction of the concentration in the soil. We will write a custom essay sample on The Release and Transport of Nitrate in the Groundwater or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now (Schepers and Raun 2008). 2 ATTENUATION OF NITRATE IN GROUNDWATER: The rate of presence of nitrate in groundwater is found to play a critical role in the nitrate pollution. The process of reducing the concentration of nitrate in the soil is done by the nitrifying bacteria. The presence of the bacteria is influenced by many factors. The presence of the oxygen and the carbon concentration are also found to influence the denitrification rates. They include nutrient availability, pH, temperature, the concentration of the nitrate, the presence of the toxins and the presence of other microorganisms etc.

Edgar Allan Poe s Writing Style - 1071 Words

Edgar Allen Poe’s writing style was not well received during his life time, however his writing gained recognition as time passed turning him into a famous figure in the world of literature. Born in 1809, Poe died at the young age of 40 in 1849. Poe was one of the first writers to use short stories as a serious literary style. Most readers are unaware of the vast symbolism in Poe’s writing, but do enjoy the tonality and imagery he creates. Attention to detail and imagination allowed Edgar Allan Poe to influence a new style of writing in the nineteenth-century, and create some of the finest fictional horror stories which gained him recognition, although mostly after his death. Edgar Allan Poe’s writing differed from most writers during his time period. He was often critical of his contemporaries, as most writers wrote with the purpose to teach or instruct readers or make a religious or political statement. Poe believed literature was to be simply for the reader’s amusement. Due to his dislike for this didactic style of writing, he preferred writing horror short stories with the use of his imagination, which would impact the future of literature. Because Poe did not write like most of his contemporaries, he failed to have his work highly regarded by established literary people of his day. Poe not only wrote literature, but also contributed as a critic of his fellow writers. In nineteenth-century European literature, a movement began what was known as art for art’s sake – PoeShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe s Writing Style1303 Words   |  6 Pagesprovince of the poem† Poe, Edgar Allan. The Philosophy of Composition. 1846. The name Poe often brings to mind tales of horror and mystery, but this Poe was also a writer of sophisticated poems, capable of extreme poetic beauty within a dark genre of writing. Poe never lived the happiest of lives, but his writing is extraordinary, both for its execution, and for the sheer elegance of the words which he found to write upon the page. Death is among one of the recurring themes which Poe explored. Dark andRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Writing Style1942 Words   |  8 Pagesintelligence.†(Edgar Allan Poe) Edgar Allan Poe is a well-known author and poet from the 19th century. Poe has over sixty-nine publishe d works, and many are still being found today. His writing style is very dark, twisted, and depressing, but leaves a lasting impression. Poe based his writings off of his life which was a series of tragic events. Edgar Allan Poe’s work has inspired many movies to be made from his works and his works continue to inspire many authors today. Edgar Allen Poe is consideredRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And Nathaniel Hawthorne848 Words   |  4 Pagesbreaking free from the intellectual traditions of the past. This is effectively expressed by Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne despite differences in their writing style through the stories of The Raven and The Scarlet Letter respectively. Although their writing style is different, both authors indicate that breaking free from intellectual traditions of the past is present in their writing. Both Poe and Hawthorne want to know why things happen rather than how things happen so they focus onRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Black Cat 1650 Words   |  7 PagesBrittany White Mrs. Bey English 1101 1 April 2015 A Day in the Life Edgar Allan Poe is a very talked about writer. He has a dark, mysterious, gothic writing style. Poe was a troubled man that struggled in a lot of different areas in his life. It is believed that all of Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories were connected to his tragic life events. â€Å"The Black Cat† is one of Edgar’s well-known short stories. It is about a man that endured a series of tragic events. This man was very feminine and his lackRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe: Writing Style1259 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allen Poe: Writing Style The short story writer which I have chosen to research is Edgar Allen Poe. After reading one of his works in class, I realized that his mysterious style of writing greatly appealed to me. Although many critics have different views on Poe s writing style, I think that Harold Bloom summed it up best when he said, Poe has an uncanny talent for exposing our common nightmares and hysteria lurking beneath our carefully structured lives. ( 7) For me, this is doneRead MoreThe Father Of The Detective Story1593 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Father of the Detective Story†: How Edgar Allan Poe Developed and Influenced the Detective Fiction Genre Edgar Allan Poe has become a household name in the literary world. His unique writing style has earned him much-deserved respect and recognition. Poe s poetry and short story oeuvre follows a consistent, melancholy theme of death and darkness that has captured and haunted readers for years (Baym, et al. 683). Perhaps his most legendary contribution to literature is his creation of theRead MoreThe Tortured Poet : Edgar Allan Poe1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tortured Poet: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem† Poe, Edgar Allan. The Philosophy of Composition. 1846. The name Poe often brings to mind tales of horror and mystery, but this Poe was also a writer of sophisticated poems, capable of extreme poetic beauty within a dark genre of writing. Poe never lived the happiest of lives, but his writing is extraordinary, both for its execution, and for the sheer elegance of the words which he found to write upon the pageRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe; Fame Inspired by a Tragic Life865 Words   |  4 Pagespoet, Edgar Allan Poe, had been plagued by grief from an early age. He was an amazing poet and author who just happened to have a darker story. Many who have studied this prestigious man feel that his works, though magnificent, were extremely dark. Some believe it was nothing more then a fancy for him to spin such gruesome tales. Others feel his work was manipulated by the misfortune of his past. These people have actually found eviden ce that agrees with this statement. The works of Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreInfluence Of A Life By Richard Connell And Edgar Allan Poe1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of a Life Richard Connell and Edgar Allan Poe, two of the most famous authors at the time, are recognize by the different types of literature they wrote. Several of these pieces are still popular today. In many cases the life of the author can impact the different themes, or the techniques they use in their stories. Richard Connell’s and Edgar Allan Poe’s backgrounds reflects in the writing techniques they used to captivate their audience. Biography of Richard Connell The famous writerRead More Edgar Allen Poe Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe is a writer of the 1800’s. He has written many classics and has a unique style. Edgar fits into a gothic romance style that was prevalent at the time of his writing. Science at the time was making leaps and bounds and often scientists were immoral and hypocritical. This is reflected in Edgar’s sonnet to science were science has been destroying all that Edgar finds wonderful in the world. Edgar has a tough life with many losses which is also reflected

Chanel free essay sample

French fashion icon Coco Chanel went from being a struggling hat maker to being one of the fashion worlds most recognizable names. (eHoW. com, 2013)In this essay, I am going to talk about the company named CHANEL. Company over view A woman named Gabrielle Coco Chanel was born in 1883 in France. In 1919, Coco Chanel owed her first couture shop in Paris, giving â€Å"Coco Chanel† a name for herself in the fashion world. In this year ‘Chanel’ is just a name of fashion brand. In 1971 Coco Chanel died at the age of 87. Following her death, German designer Karl Lagerfeld became the company’s head designer. Also in this year, a company named CHANEL was been built by him. Now Chanel is a privately held company it designs, manufactures and sells watches, fragrance, clothes and fashion accessories. The company operates in the Europe, Asia and the US. Chanel brings a new range of clothing and Jewish in fashion shows. We will write a custom essay sample on Chanel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Chanel company analysis,2012) The designers use white and black skillfully to create different style of products. Chanel popularized a simpler yet incredibly chic style for women. The SWOT about Chanel Strengths Compared with other luxury brand, the products in Chanel is more extensive. Some of these are very popular in their domain. For example, the perfume named â€Å"Chanel No. 5† is well-liked by women. Chanel extends their brand’s popularity by advertisements and movies. It has great design group, everyone knows the company’s logo and its products’ high prices although the style and logo about Chanel is simple. Weakness There are about more than 1000 factories and hundreds of exclusive shop to manufacture and sell Chanel’s products in the world. The company has too much different group of employees and shops and it is hard for the management to control. What is more, Chanel makes products by different kinds of materials. The biggest weakness is that some materials are very hard to find, like crocodile, the resource about it is very rare. Opportunities Chanel is a fashion company. The major for this company is to make more and more products by the designer’s inspiration. So they could make new products by coming into contact with different and fresh things. It is to say that opportunities for a fashion company are in everywhere. Another opportunity is that Chanel can also make products for man. Mails are also a part of customers in our word. Treats For Chanel, a famous fashion company, the biggest risk is also designer’s inspiration. Not only for clothes handbag and jewels designed but also for the research on cosmetics. These years, Karl Lagerfeld the top designer in Chanel does not have too much break through in his works. Fashion changed every times, no one can forecast what will fashion like in future exactly. External analysis of Chanel (general environment) Women are the large rant of the customers in Chanel. Chanel solve their produces by using the form of boutiques. webcollage,2012 )This strategy can steadily reflects its top quality and unique features, and make customers feel their honorable status of service standards in the same time. All of this about Chanel is going to attracted customers in females. Women are always buying some thing because of the shop’s fantastic interior decoration or the good service. The most important thing is that, women are always yearning because of the unique charm of Chanel products. Its high prices let ordinary consumers prohibitive, but brand positioning become more and more elite. Chanel, 2012 )There is a fact that Chanel strengthened its weight of the most closely series products in order to attract more rich one to buy it. It is very common that people especially women in the society will never give up the pursuit of good things, and in their mind the more expensive the better. In many times having a handbag in Chanel or wearing clothes in this brand could win a lot of second glance. Certainly, a famous brand is not only based on the high pries but also its high quality. In this society customers pay more attention on the quality of the products. For example, haute couture is one of the most famous products n Chanel. Because of its high quality, many people are willing to spend their times to amend and fit on the clothes again and again, even it will c ost them a lot of money at the end. What is more, a large number of handbags in Chanel were made in individual workshop by the professional employees. The good services and delicately made help Chanel win a lot of customers and profit. External analysis of Chanel (competitive environment) This kind of external analysis of a company can be examined at five levels competitors, new entrants, and threat of substitutes, suppliers and customers. First of all, Chanel has a large number of competitors. The following companies like Levi Strauss amp; Co, Louis Vuitton SA and Prada are the major competitors of Chanel. (3Y,2012) Back to the nature, Chanel is just a company to sell bags clothes cosmetic and jewelry. There are many companies have the same characters in the world. They are all fashion companies. Inevitably, different brands are always having similar products, although fashion is a very complex word. Take LV for example, in 2012, LV designed a bag which is most likely to Chanel 2. 55, and the price is lower than it. For consumers, it provides more choice to chose, but for Chanel, it was bring a big challenge to hem. They have to increase the production rate and designer’s mind in order to attract buyer’s attention earlier than any other brand. Secondly, the emergence of the new fashion company is bringing some risks to Chanel. Most clearly, Valention a new luxury company from Italian have had a lot of improvement over the past year. This company is not only for bags but also popular in weeding dress. To be honest, women are always most interested in the new things. When something new was appeared in our eyes, the old brand would become more common. What is more, the threat of substitutes is playing a significant role. It is due to the fact that many small brand companies are going to sell the products in same style as Chanel and other fashion brands with good qualities but in lower price. For most people in the world, they are not willing to spend more than 10000 RMB to buy a bag. Their consumption view is very rational. It would happen that people could buy a bag which is most similar to the big brand with low price. It is not only a big risk for Chanel but also for any other big fashion brands to increase the client base. More over, the suppliers of Chanel are one of the most important events for this company to consider. The power of a supplier increases when there are few other sources of supply or the supplier has many other buyers. (Luis, David, 2012, P71) For example, in the past three years, the bag which is made of crocodile is very popular. As we all know, crocodiles are the first class national protected animals in the world, because it is very rare. Chanel tries to manufacture bags by the crocodiles. Unfortunately, it is very hard for the company to get this resources from suppliers, for instance, there are any other fashion companies want to get crocodiles to make products, and the suppliers are always could offer a little number of resources. Because of this, the cost about the bag is going to increase. It is hard for Chanel to get more profit by selling the bag. In order to solve this problem, Chanel are try to use PU a kind of material which looks more likely to crocodile. In this way, the company could save cost and increasing profits. Last but not least, the bargaining power of buyers is not very strong for Chanel. This kind of power increased when the number of customers in this company decreased. In term of the saleroom about Chanel in these years, this company must have a large number of customers that the power of buyers is very week. One example is that Chanel have to satisfy every require which customer needs if there is only one customer to buy their products. It is necessary for Chanel to improve their quality, serves and maybe to decrease their price. Conversely, in real life, Chanel has a large number of supporters. More clearly, if there are 100 customers to buy their bag, one of the customers is not satisfied with their serves; Chanel also has 99 customers to buy it. So, Chanel does not need to worry about the bargaining power of buyers. The internal environment analysis of Chanel Resource types and firm capabilities are tow main factors for a company of their internal environment. The inputs a firm uses to deliver products and services can be tangible resources and intangible resources. ( Luis, David, 2012, P73) Tangible resources is easy to qualified including financial resources and man power. China has been the fast growing luxury consumers in the world. In the year 2012, compare with the past year, the luxury goods saleroom increased 23%. This number has same meaning as 843 hundred million RMB. Chanel is for one-third of these luxury goods. Yidaba,2010) The most important is that China is one of Chanel’s markets, Chanel has its own flagship store all over the world. What we can image is that the profit about Chanel is uncountable. Different with some big company which have a large number of staff, Chanel only has about 2000 staff in their company include designers. Although Chanel does not have too many staff, every one is outstanding. The brand is now headed by German-born designer Karl Lagerfeld, who is famous and helps Chanel win a lot of applause. Many topping staffs like him are working for Chanel. The strong unman capital is also the intangible resources about Chanel. Producers and designers bring their own opinions and experiences to make the company grow well. The firm’s reputation is also a very important part in the intangible resources. Chanel is a well-know brand in our world during the young and the old. A lot of women crazy about it because of its high quality and good services. In customers’ eyes it is only right and proper for Chanel to have such high prices because of its reputation. In another aspect, the skills and abilities in doing work activities needed in its business are the capabilities of the company. Luis, David, 2012, P74) The success about Chanel No. 5 shows the great capabilities about Chanel. Chanel No. 5 is the first fragrance launched by Chanel. It cost about 5 years to research and development. Every stage is very rigorous include sampling concocting packaging advertising and selling. Conclusion Chanel might be regarded as one of the l eading fashion companies in the world, however, external forces such as technology, suppliers, bargaining power of customers, market demands and some new entrants could pose threats to its leading position. To respond to these threats, Chanel has to adopt sound management practices which include effective planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It is advised that, Chanel could try to open up new market, for instance, manufacture products for men. In order to let the products become more diversified, Chanel could research and development perfume jewelry and clothes for men. In the other hand, fashion changed quickly. There for it is good for Chanel to interview new designers. Not only maintaining the classics style with black and white, but also break new ground based on it. It could let the company become more productive. One most important thing for this company is that to improving the power of management about planning and controlling. Although, hand tailor is very delicate, it well cost a lot of times to manufacture. For Chanel, might be able to use some new technology to develop the speed. More over, to controlling the market demands, Chanel could properly increased the price in every year. It could help them get more profit and show its products’ value in a good way. Reference The History of Coco Chanel. (n. d). Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://www. ehow. com/about_4595780_history-coco-chanel. html#ixzz2JGTO3Hu0) Chanel company analysis. (n. d). Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://wenku. baidu. com/view/a6bf073467ec102de2bd89e1. html Chanel Extends Online Beauty Tools To Retailers Worldwide Using Interactive Web Services Solution. (n. d). Retrieved February 1, 2013, from http://www. webcollage. com/about-us/press-releases/chanel-extends-online-beauty-tools-to-retailers-worldwide-using-interactive-web-services-solution/ Chanel. (n. d). Retrieved February 3, 2013, from ttp://wenku. baidu. com/view/17e4e086e53a580217fcfe04. html Chanel company analysis. (n. d). Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://3y. uu456. com/bp-a6bf073467ec102de2bd89e1-1. html Luis,R. David, B. (2012). Management. Hagerstown: Congress Cataloging. Luis,R. David, B. (2012). Management. Hagerstown: Congress Cataloging. The Luxury Consumption Market In China. (n. d). Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://industr y. yidaba. com/fzfzpg/201012/011241591007100100000205026. shtml Luis,R. David, B. (2012). Management. Hagerstown: Congress Cataloging.

Jetblue Case free essay sample

Competitive Rivalry between Low-Cost Carriers Case Analysis 2 Kathleen Quiche Proof. Roseland B. Laceration Faculty, MEG 1 IA Time Context 2013 (Present) Getable is a United States domestic airline company who operates on a low-cost principle which translates into cheaper airfares to its customers. In February 2007 Getable underwent a particular event that could have been its last. Since its beginning in 1998 Getable became the 1 lath largest company in the industry within six years. Aside from Southwest airlines, Getable was the only company who had been bled to keep its books positive while the United States had undergone a terrorist attack and all other companies were reporting loses. Song airline was a low cost carrier subsidiary of Delta airlines that started in 2003. It was formed to compete with Getable and other low cost airlines for the Florida market. Summary of the Case Low-Cost Carriers have changed the way people fly and altered their expectations for air travel. We will write a custom essay sample on Jetblue Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most followed the same Low-Cost Carriers formula: high quality, low-fare air travel whose target market is Price conscious-leisure travelers. Like many businesses, competitive rivalry is a normal situation. Getable and Song are one of those many. Since both are Low-Cost Carriers with the same goal, they almost offer the same thing to their market. What makes them different from each other is how they step up their game. Both Getable and Song offer additional commodity to their flights along with their low-fare air travel. For instance, Getable offers free live satellite with 24 channels at each seat. And as a response, Song offers personal touchstones video monitors at each seat. As direct competitors, Getable and Song are expected to closely monitor each other and continuously give responses to each others advances in an attempt to decompose the other. Current Performance In 2010, Getable reported net income of $97 million and an operating margin of 8. 8%, as compared to net income of $61 million and an operating margin of 8. 6% in 2009. The year-over-year improvement in financial performance was primarily a result of an 8% increase in our average fares and 7% increase in capacity, offset by a 10% increase in our realized fuel price. For 2010, Getable had a ROI of 14. 7%. Mission Our mission is to bring humanity back to air travel Mission Statement Jet Blues mission is to be the leading low-fare, low-cost passenger airline offering sigh quality customer service to undeserved markets and customer who are looking for the best value in their flight. We have the newest most advanced planes that are reliable, fuel efficient, utilizes paperless cockpit technology, live in-flight satellite TV and security cameras. Our philosophy is to give customers the best price value for their ticket, offering things our competitors dont offer. At Getable we feel that hiring educated employees that are highly motivated and well trained will provide a better experience to the customers. We feel that our high-value, high quality service hilltops will lead the way to our becoming the number one in the industry. Vision At Getable our goal is to provide the best, most affordable flight experience of any air carrier while providing superior service. Core Values The Core Values are: * SAFETY: We commit to safety first, comply with all regulatory agencies, set and maintain consistently high standards, ensure the security of creamers and customers and never compromise safety. * CARING: Maintain respectful relationships with creamers and customers; strive to be a role model at work and in the community; embrace a healthy balance between work and family; take accessibility for personal and company growth. INTEGRITY: Demonstrate Honesty, Trust and Mutual Respect; Give the Getable Values a Heartbeat; never compromise the values for short-term results; possess and demonstrate broad business knowledge; commit to self improvement. * FUN: Exhibit a sense of humor and the ability to laugh at self; Add personality to the customer experience; Demonstrate and create enthusiasm for the Job; Seek to convert a negative situation into a positive customer experience; Create a friendly environment where taking risks is okay. * PASSION: Strive to meet the diverse needs of Creamers and Customers; Champion team spirit; Crave and deliver superior performance; Enjoy overcoming barriers to good service; Look for innovative solutions to business issues. L. Statement of Objective * To be able to distinguish each of the two companys competitive edge against each other * To be able to know the different strategies on how to survive in the competitive business world over rival companies. * To be able to know competitive actions occurring between competitors without incurring much cost and sacrificing its profit. II. Central Problem How would the company continuously improve their services to be able to maintain TTS edge against their rivalries? How would the business immediately respond to the needs of their customers without sacrificing its profit? Ill. Areas of Consideration SOOT Analysis Getable Strengths 1 . Functional Structure: Low Cost Carrier with a board and multiple departments. 2. The companys combination of low fares compared to other airlines and superior customer services. 3. New York-based Getable Airways has created a new airline category based on value, service and style. . High commitment to hiring better employees. 5. Through their current workings, they are able to build good brand loyalty. 6. The companys five key values: safety, caring, integrity, fun, and passion. 7. In their Operations and Logistics: Paperless cockpits, pilots were equipped with laptops to access flight manuals and make calculations. Weaknesses 1. Relative new company 2. Concentration on middle class 3. Old aircraft resulting in increased maintenance costs 4. Fuel prices have increased sharply over a short time, increasing operating costs for the aviation industry 5. Low fares could mean less money being made and less profit. Opportunities 1. Increasing demand for air travel. 2. Legacys Laics allowed connecting flights to their parents airlines, shared their request flier programs and had access to parents gates and landing/takeoff slots. 3. Power of Other Stakeholders: Quality, safety, and environmental regulations are increasing. 4. Automation of ticketing and self check-in services lowers overhead costs. 5. Technological Enhancement: Company internet websites account for the majority to sales. Thus, decreasing operating costs 6 Bargaining re to Buyers: Price is going to dictate with whom buyers spend their money. Since it renders low cost, it will have more customers. The more buyers a company has, the more source of potential revenue there is. Threats . Threat of New Entrants: The growing number of Low Costs Carriers (Laics) in the aviation industry, and the attempts of the Full Service Airlines (Fast) to take away market share from the Laics had led to a fall in the average fares. Legacy airlines launched low-cost subsidiaries of their own, to compete with Laics. . Rivalry among Existing Firms: Many airlines that were operating began to recapture the market share. These airlines were able to undercut competition by offering very low fares, taking advantage of the protection of the bankruptcy laws. 3. Threat of Substitute Products or Services. . Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Aircraft manufacturers would sell aircraft at higher interest rate because of a limited number of substitute goods. Aircraft would also arrive to airlines later than agreed, causing delays and loss of revenue and image. 5. Terrorist attacks like the 9/11 incident cause scared passengers away from flying for many years after. 6. Increasing number of safety and environmental regulations increase operating costs. 7. Changing needs and tastes of customers. SOOT ANALYSIS SONG 1 . The basic marketing strategy of Song Airlines was to reduce cost and increase illume through operational efficiencies and hence increase profits. 2. Value pricing strategy with fares that is simple and transparent. 3. Extensive use of low cost channels of distribution primarily internet. 1 . Technology dependence on operation. . No clear mission and vision. 3. Differentiation 1. To compete with traditional airlines like American Airlines and upstarts like Getable, Song completely altered the common way of flying. Song got rid of sky-high airfare rates and priced the flights between $79 and $299 and increased utilization of the same fixed cost asset by flying planes more hours a day, using gates more recently, and driving distribut ion to lower cost channels like the Internet. 2. Song bought large planes, removed first class seats, and added 70 percent more economy seats. 3. They increased the number of flights per day by turning the planes faster. 1 The market environment at the time to the case was extremely difficult Witt rising costs of fuel, increasing security requirements after 9/1 1 and customers expectations of lower fares. It has forced many big players in the airline industry into bankruptcy. 2. The operational costs which include gate fees, ground operational costs etc. Ere increasing causing even more problems for the airlines. 3. The fares in the Florida route were decreasing while the costs were ever increasing making it difficult to remain operational in that space. IV. Alternative Course of Action There are possible solutions to the problem with corresponding advantage and disadvantages. Alternative Action #1 : Consider other services that will be more needed by the customers according to their preferences. Advantage 1 . The taste and preferences of the customers are known to be able to create and innovate new product lines. 2. It will increase more of its profit and revenue. . It will create a competitive edge over its rival in the markets. Disadvantage 1. It can incur material amount of investment and time consuming. Alternative Action #2: Management should perform extensive research and development to enhance its service and operations to outcome its rival 1. It will give enough information about the rival companies. 2. It will decrease the risk that underlies in entering into a new idea or proposals without thorough study. 3. The result of the research will serve as a guideline or criterion that can be use in the long-run. 4. It is a good investment of the company. . It is costly for the company to conduct extensive research. 2. The research requires time to observe and analyze the data gathered. Alternative Action #3: The Company should also adapt to the changes that the other competitors used in their own operation. 1 . The company will not be outdated when it comes to the latest trends and technological innovations happening in the market. 2. It will serve as an strength of the company 1. The company will invest more capital in lieu of the changes that will be adapted. 2. The company will not have its distinguishing mark against its rivals because theyre just imitating them, Just going with the flow and not taking risk. V. Strategy Formulation / Recommendation I therefore conclude that the best solution to the problem is alternative course number 2 because it will fully utilize and develop the companys resources in a bigger market. It will also make the company more competitive and take the lead among its rivals. Conducting an extensive research allows the company to know about the ongoing set of competitive actions and responses occurring between them (the company itself and its competitors) as they compete against each other for a ore advantageous market position. VI. Plan of Action 1 . Conduct surveys and feedbacks from customers who might have some idea on how to improve and satisfy them. 2. Train Management Personnel and employees by meaner of seminars to enhance their skills and knowledge in managing the company. 3. Make a marketing strategy that is very catchy to get the customers attention to patronize your product or services over the competitors. VI. Potential Problem 1 . What if the company refuses to adapt the changes? 2. What if undergoing in an extensive research was not enough to get enough information gathered by the company? How will they manage the circumstances? 3. What if the company cant afford to accommodate the management and employees to attend seminars and trainings? VIII. Contingency Plans 1 . If the company refused to adapt to changes, Just continue to uphold their reputation for them to be able to maintain their customers and to prevent having losses. 2. If the strategy failed, analyze the cause of the failure and then formulate a new strategy to accommodate the failure. 3. If they cant accommodate all, they can send at least 3 employees for a seminar and another 3 employees for training.

Concentration and rates of reaction Essays

Concentration and rates of reaction Essays Concentration and rates of reaction Paper Concentration and rates of reaction Paper I am investigating the effect of the concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the speed of the reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. When these react together, sulphur is formed. A balanced chemical equation for the reaction is Na2S2O3 + 2HCl S + 2NaCl + SO2 + H20 Apparatus Total of 10cm3 of distilled H20 Total of 15cm3 of HCl Total of 125cm3 of Na2S2O3   Paper with cross to see how long it takes for cross to disappear under flask Conical flask to hold solutions needed for experiment   2 measuring cylinders to measure out correct amounts of solutions. 2 beakers and 2 pipettes to contain solutions before going into the conical flask. The pipettes are for accurate measuring of the solutions. Method 1. I will put a big black cross on a piece of paper, the size of the bottom of the conical flask. 2. The conical flask will be put on the paper. 3. 25cm3 of Sodium thiosulphate will be added to the conical flask. 4. Added to the Na2S2O3 (Sodium Thiosulphate) will be 5cm3 of Hydrochloric acid. 5. I will then time, from when the HCl was added, until the view of the cross is blocked. I will do this using a stopwatch. The liquid should turn yellow from colorless. 6. I am going to use different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. I will obtain the different concentrations of HCl by adding ratios of water to the HCl. The total volume added each time will be 5cm3, to make the total volume inside the conical flask 30cm3. Each time, I will use the following concentrations; Experiment 1: 0cm3 H2O 5cm3 HCl 25cm3 Na2S2O3 Experiment 2: 1cm3 H2O 4cm3 HCl 25cm3 Na2S2O3 Experiment 3: 2cm3 H2O 3cm3 HCl 25cm3 Na2S2O3 Experiment 4: 3cm3 H2O 2cm3 HCl 25cm3 Na2S2O3 Experiment 5: 4cm3 H2O 1cm3 HCl 25cm3 Na2S2O3 7. I will repeat the experiment twice in order to get a more accurate result, as an average will be obtained. Prediction The faster the reaction takes place, the shorter the time needed for the reaction to finish. To be more precise, the speed of reaction is inversely proportional to the time taken for the reaction to finish. If the acid concentration doubles, the speed doubles. The reason for this is that the ions are closer together in a concentrated solution. The closer together they are, the more often the Sodium Thiosulphate ions and Hydrochloric Acid ions collide. The more often they collide, the more chance they have of reacting. I, therefore, predict that with the acid concentration decreasing, it will take longer for the cross to disappear. Fair test To justify my prediction, the following factors need to be controlled to obtain accurate results;   The person watching the experiment will be the same each time as it is a judgement that only the same person would note.   I would need to use the same equipment all the time I need to keep the pipettes in the right beakers because of they werent, I could get a reaction that I do not want and that would mean that one conical flask will have either more or less HCl than required. This would be unfair to the experiment.   I am changing the concentration, which means the temperature will have to stay the same. If the temperature was to change, the experiment would be unfair. With colder water, the particles move slowly and do not collide very often. If you increased the temperature, the particles would begin to move faster with greater energy. They will collide more often with many more collisions being successful than before. This is because temperature affects the amount of kinetic energy the particles have and therefore the reaction time. Results 0. 05M of Sodium thiosulphate 2M of Hydrochloric acid 60cm3 5cm3 Volume of Thiosulphate cm3 Volume of water cm3 Time taken for X to disappear seconds Average time taken seconds 1st test Repeat 1 Repeat   All averages are rounded to nearest whole number The averages are plotted on graph (1) overleaf Concentration/M Rate. These results are plotted on graph (2) overleaf Analysis The faster a reaction takes place, the shorter is the time needed for the reaction to finish. This is true with my results, as with the highest concentration of Hydrochloric Acid present, the time taken for it to react was greater than any other concentration of HCl. Looking at graph (1), I can see only one anomalous result. This is the reaction between 10cm3 Thiosulphate and 50cm3 water. The average time taken resulted in 1169 seconds. This seems unlikely as with 15cm3 Thiosulphate and 45cm3 water, the average time taken is 622 seconds. Possible reasons for the anomalous results could have been down to either poor observation skills, or not rinsing the conical flask out properly. There could have been more water in there than anticipated, therefore making the solution less concentrated than it should have been. The 622 seconds result fits in well with the other results and forms a pattern of a smooth gradual decline curve on the graph. The anomalous result makes the graph flatten out at the bottom of the curve. When drawing the line of best fit, I did not include the anomalous result. The graph does show the trend that when the volume of thiosulphate is decreased the time taken decreases also. Looking alternatively to graph (2), there does not seem to be any anomalous results. The points join up to make a smooth upwards curve on the graph. The line of best fit is placed between all of the points, this works well as there are an equal amount of points on either side, with them all spread fairly evenly along the curved line. This links in very well with my prediction that with a higher concentration, the rate of reaction is faster. Evaluation. My method worked well because I was able to get a set of results at the end. However, there were a few problems. On graph (1) there was an anomalous result, and because we did the experiment over two days, we could not use the same apparatus as the day before. The stopwatch however was the same, so we were able to get as accurate results as the previous day. Graph (2) does not show any anomalies. Graph (1) shows a point that doesnt fit the pattern, as does the second point of graph (2). Even though the graph does join up fairly smoothly, the point is slightly out. This point has been circled on the graph. To make sure there are no anomalous results next time, you will need to follow the method and equipment list fully, and make sure the flask and beakers are cleaned out and dried before a new experiment is taken out. If done again, I would change the temperature rather than the acid concentration. When sodium thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid are reacted together, Sulphur is formed. The temperature increase would make the Sulphur form faster. The ions would have more kinetic energy so would collide more often and more vigorously and so there is a greater chance that they will react.

Issues in Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issues in Terrorism - Essay Example 230). However, the thing that needs to be understood is that in a historical sense, the definition of the term terrorism had been increasingly dependent on the interests and intentions of the powers who tried to define terrorism. Hence, the meaning of the term terrorism will always go on changing in the future in consonance with the agenda of the powers which extend the majority narrative. Before elaborating on the relativity of the definition of terrorism, it will indeed be insightful to try to circumscribe the concept of terrorism within the domain of some widely accepted commonalities. It is a reality that in all ages and times, terrorism did evince some common traits and characteristics. To begin with, it would not be wrong to say that terrorism does happen to be a radical and extreme genre of political manipulation (Stout, 2002, p. 65). Most of the times the terrorists do resort to acts of extreme violence to create an environment of uncertainty and intimidation so as to make people get convinced about the ubiquity and potency of their power and sway. The other particular thing is that the aim of terrorism is always to disseminate a pervasive sentiment of panic and fear. Besides, terrorists also resort to acts of violence to accrue media and popular attention. Also, the most important thing about terrorism is that it contradicts and defies the sacrosanct human va lues and aspirations. Now, if one considers some of these characteristics that are common to the configuration of a viable definition of terrorism, it is possible to contrive a definition of terrorism which may not be concrete, but still manages to convey a malleable meaning and intent that could be grasped by human logic and ethics. However, the sad thing is that if one takes into consideration the historical realities, the act of defining terrorism has always been subservient to the intent and aspirations of the dominant narrative. It is said that

The implementation of a statistical process control to ensure total Essay

The implementation of a statistical process control to ensure total quality management and identify solutions to satysfying customer needs and reduce waste in the company - Essay Example This is inherently present in the method of data collection that was put in place while conducting the primary analysis. In this case, the data that has been put forward in the report was collected by analyzing the colour defects in a random sample of 200 units and the height variance of dolls for a period of 30 days. For accuracy, charts and table were designed and analyzed. We used an Np-chart to plot data on the colour defects and a histogram for the height difference of the dolls as the appropriate Statistical Process Control charts to monitor the data. The Np-chart was used because the data on colour defects was prepared as counted time attribute data with a constant sample size. The following charts prepared in MS-excel show the findings of the report in details. Chart 1.0 Np-chart for the number of defective dolls The Np-chart shows how the process, measured by the number of nonconforming items such as the dolls it produces, changes over time. Chart 2.0 Histogram for the heigh t measurements of the dolls The histogram was a suitable choice because the data collected in the 30 days was a measured time variable data with columns of decimals. Discussion and Recommendation The results indicate that there is a problem in the company. More specifically, the problem is traceable to the production part of the company. Consequently, the managerial team of the company should act fast in implementation of effective measures some of which we have discussed in the recommendations provided. There is a high number of customer dissatisfaction due to inconsistent and non-uniform manufacturing. It is evident, from both the report as well as the data collected too, that for every 200units sampled at... This study looks into Tom pulling Toys Company, a well-respected major global manufacturer of educational toys for children. The company plans to expand its profit margin and crave towards becoming a market leader. However, with the current competition from China, the company is in the race towards changing its strategies to counter the completion and remain profitable. With such demands to find the ideal changes, a Statistical Process Control method has been put in place to solve this issue. This report gives the overview of the progress of the Processes control in detail. After investigating the variation in the height of dolls and the different colour schemes in the dolls sampled, it was found that the dolls are suitable for the market but fail to meet Total Quality Management that is in line with the company requirements. This results from production of dolls that are not within a competitive scope of the market and provides a leeway for companies in China to provide threatening competition to the sale of dolls and possibly other products which are also part of the products that the company produces. In any market, it is imperative to stay ahead of the competition in order to remain relevant and improve competitive edge. It is important to consider long term benefits to the company when designing and manufacturing given the quality of the products will be ultimately determined by the customers. Apart from handling the individual faults in the height and colouring of the dolls, the product quality needs to be defined with measurable and appealing characteristics that can win buyers.